TC1014: Creating and Calling Functions

A function is a piece of code that has been written some time before it is being used. Some of these already come with python just as the case of the “Random” function that has been used in the following example:

These functions can be created by the programmer in the same code in which he/she will be using it.

To create a function we need to start defining it. To define it we write “def” followed by the name of the function and the parameters that will be used in this between parentheses.

The next line of code needs to be indented as this is what the function is supposed to do. This function will print the primary colors:

If we try to run this program, this is what will happen:

As you can see, this program does not print anything. The reason for this is that we have successfully created a function; however, we never called it. So this program knows that it has to print “Red, Blue and Yellow” at some point, it just doesn´t know when.

So we need when we want the function to be called. In this case the function will be called if the following condition is true:

Note that the line in which we state the condition is not intended. This means that this like and what is followed by it is no longer part of the function we called “Colors”.

In this program, the user is asked if he/she wants to know which are the primary colors and it receives an input in the form of a string. If the string it received is “yes”, then the function is called. This is what will happen if the conditions stated below are true:

This is another example of a created function. This function has an argument called “x”. This argument is the name of a person. The function outputs the text “My name is” followed by the value given to "x".

Before calling the function we need to define what will be the value of “x”. After that, we call the function by typing the name of the function followed by parentheses.

After running it, this is what will happen:

We can also change what the function will print by changing what is being witten between the parentheses. For example, if instead of typing “name(x)” we type “name(x*4)”.

The argument this function will be taking as “x” is not “Frida”; it is “Frida”*4, which is “FridaFridaFridaFrida”. This is what will happen:

Another way to create a function is the one shown below:

The variable “stars” was defined inside the function; however, it can only be used inside the function. For printing variables that were defined inside the function we need to type “return” followed by the name of the variable at the end of the function.

This way, the program can use the variable correctly even if it is inside a function: